Musique de Tchokwe in Zaïre - rec. Barbara Schmidt-Wrenger

Musique de Tchokwe in Zaïre - No. 11
rec. 1973 by Barbara Schmidt-Wrenger
Tervuren - Réference 6803073 - P.1977




Side A

A1 Tshiyanda 3'25
A2 Tshiela 4'30
A3 Mayenge 3'15
A4 Kalukuta 3'10
A5 Kulenge sa mwata 2'40
A6 Miaso ya jita 2'50
A7 Miaso ya ulo 2'30



Side B


B1 Miaso ya tshisaji 2'20
B2 Miaso ya ndjimba 2'40
B3 Miaso ya ndjimba 4'05
B4 Ndeji 1'35
B5 Musheta 2'20
B6 Mahamba 0'55
B7 Mungonge 2'30
B8 Uyanga 2'10
B9 Wali 2'40




I feel that there is little I have to say about this recording as with the other volumes this record comes with a multilingual book of almost 90 pages. I find that this series really is worth a wider circulation and that they are very important documents that most likely even the Tchokwe has no access to themselves.

Music ▼ +
Book (not yet available)

Music From Rwanda - recorded 1954-55 by Denyse Hiernaux-L'hoëst

Music From Rwanda

Recordings and documentation by Denyse Hiernaux-L'hoëst 1954-55
Photography by Jaques J. Maquet

In collaboration with the Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren 

An Anthology Of African Music 2
Bärenreiter • Musicaphon - BM 30 L 2302 - P.1965






Side A

Tutsi

No. 1 Rukina, Seven drums of the mwami with song. - Nyanza 5'02
No. 2 Song with handclapping - Rurambo 3'01
No. 3 Umuhara, Song of the spirits - Astrida 2'20
No. 4 Guhindura - Cyinkanga (Nyanza territory) 2'36
No. 5 Muberule, Board Zitehr - Rurambo 2'46
No. 6 Kana, name of a woman - Astrida 3'06
No. 7 Chandali, Mens song with zither accompaniment - Astrida 3'07
No. 8 Ikimanura, Arrival of the Tutsi - Nyanza 3'33


Side A total time 25'31


Side B


Hutu

No. 9 Mugore W'Ingare, the difficult woman - Astrida 2'08
No. 10 Induru Ni Ndende, the war cry is long - Astrida 5'04
No. 11 Ikondera, song of the brides friends - Astrida 1'53
No. 12 Ntawundi mwana nkibyara ndakuze, he can no longer procreate, he's to old - Astrida 3'22
No. 13 Kubangurira, Pastoral song - Astrida 1'54
No. 14 Ingare, the shrew - Astrida 2'05
No. 15 Agasambi, the royal crane - Astrida 3'15
No. 16 Nshoz' Uruyange, praise of an army corps - Musha 1'57
No. 17 Ibare, in praise of a chieftain - Cyinkanga (Nyanza territory) 2'33



Side B total time 29'42

We had three records before from Rwanda, all published by Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren and the volume in this Unesco series is a collaboration with that same Museum. 

Rwanda Map

Rwanda Map (detail)

Hutu dance of the brides friends

Hutu dance of the brides friends

Hutu musical bow

Hutu vertical flute

Hutu vertical flute

Inanga

Tutsi. Seven drums of the Mwami

Tutsi. Umuhara song of spirits

Twa. Makondera orchestra

Twa song and dance

Young Tutsi singer

Music ▼ +

Rwanda II - Musique Vocale - P.1977

Rwanda II - Musique Vocale - Vokale Muziek
Recordings and documentation by Jos Gansemans
Alpha - 5024 - P.1977




Side A

A1a Chants pastoraux - amahamba - indama 4'35
A1b Chants pastoraux - kubangulira 3'00
A2a Chants de chasse - amahigi + thembe (à l'arc) 2'24
A2b Chants de chasse - amahigi + inzogera (à la lance) 2'27
A3a Chants de travail - kwidoga 3'18
A3b Chants de travail - amasare ubwato 2'24
A4 Chant cultuel - Nyagitansi 3'35


Side B

B1 Berceuse igihoso 3'00
B2 Berceuse + ubuhuha 2'22
B3 Poème dynastique igisigo 4'04
B4 Indilimbo z'ingabo 3'12
B5 Chant nocturne igitaramo 2'03
B6 Chants cultuel - Lyangombe aho rero 3'52
B6 Chants cultuel - Umuhara 2'03

Here is volume two of the Rwanda series from Tervuren. This like the other two comes with several pages of documentation about the recordings that were made by Jos Gansemans during the years 1973-1975.

Below is a review of all three volumes from Ethnomusicology January 1981
- vol. 25, No.01, pp 178-179
by Kazadi wa Mukuna. (beware of misspellings resulting from OCR)

Rwanda, Vol. I. Musique Instrumentale/Instrumentale Muziek (Musee Royale de l'Afrique
Centrale/Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren). One 12" 33 1/3 rpm disc. 1977.
Alpha 5023. Descriptive notes by Jos Gansemans in Flemish and French bound into slipcase, 6 pp., mus. ex.
Rwanda, Vol. II. Musique VocalelVokale Muziek (Musee Royale de 1'Afrique
Centrale/Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren). One 12" 33 1/3 rpm disc. 1977.
Alpha 5024. Stereo. Descriptive notes by Jos Gansemans in Flemish and French bound into slipcase, 6 pp., mus. ex.
Rwanda, Vol. III. Musique de Danse/Dansmuziek (Musee Royale de 1'Afrique
Centrale/Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren). One 12" 33 1/3 rpm disc. 1977.
Alpha 5025. Stereo. Descriptive notes by Jos Gansemans in Flemish and French bound into slipcase, 6 pp., mus. ex., photos.

In the past few decades, knowledge of the musical culture of the Banyarwanda (people of Rwanda) in the outside world was dominated by the sound of ingoma drum ensembles, the direct descendants of the royal drum ensembles of the Tutsi dynasty. Since the bulk of what is available on this musical culture is scattered in records devoted to African music in general or a large region of Africa, the release of these records will be more than welcome to music educators, students, and amateurs of Banyanvanda culture. The three albums in the set contain samples of music from three major repertoires: instrumental, vocal, and dance music, representing musical styles peculiar to the Banyanvanda as well as displaying their artistry on musical instruments (mbira, musical bow, drums) also common in other parts of Africa south of the Sahara.

Ethnographic notes on the Banyanvanda and their land are featured in the first record, devoted to instrumental music. These notes, perfunctorily written by Jos Gansemans in Flemish with French translation, provide no vital information
on the Banyarwanda or their culture, nor do they assist in relating the albums to their proper cultural context. One must turn to a description of each selection for valid historical, cultural, and musical information, some of which is supplemented by black-and-white photographs of the event.

RECORD REVIEWS

Record I, Side A opens with two selections of epic songs accompanied by inanga (board zither). an instrument whose zone of diffusion is limited to Rwanda. Another musical instrument used by Banyarwanda to accompany their epic songs is the mbira (thumb-piano), known to have been borrowed from Bakongo in Lower Zaire. The playing (Record I, Side A/5) resembles that of the Bakongo and the Luba of Zaire. characterized by the dampening of the keys with the index fingers after being plucked with the thumbs. Iningidi (a bowed monochord lute) is another borrowed instrument which has gained in importance in the north and center of the country, in spite of its recent anival in the culture. This instrument is also prominent in Uganda, where it is known by the same name. Side B contains predominantly the music of aerophones whose playing technique and overall expression are peculiar to this culture. The best example can be heard in Band 4 on ihembe (hunting horn). The last three bands (5, 6, and 7) represent three distinct styles of ingorzadrum ensembles from Rubungo, Rubavu-Gisenyi. and Mibilizi- Cyangugu regions.

In Africa. the Banyarwanda must be counted among those people whose musical cultures are dominated by unaccompanied vocal songs. This is revealed in Record II, devoted to vocal musical styles. Side A contains songs to accompany both solitary and communal work. In a culture where cattle-raising occupies a paramount position in the "cultural focus," the work-song repertoire is dominated by pastoral songs whose subject matter ranges from milking to praising cattles' lineage. Side B, on the other hand, contains cult songs, drinking songs, and lullabies. A unique feature of Banyarwanda vocal style is the lullaby accompaniment (BIZ), in which the singer produces a muted sound by letting the air through his loosely closed lips.

Record III contains music for four types of dances: dances performed by young girls at wedding ceremonies: warriors' dance: intore (dance of the chosen ones); and those of the Twa pygmies. Concerning field recording technique. some of the dance recordings (A/[. 2, 3) lack implicit noises. such as footsteps. In this case. recording technique (context, number and placement of microphones, etc.) is surely pertinent documentation for those interested in ethnomusicological method and training. Otherwise, Jos Gansemans is to be congratulated for a fine
technical production.

Michigan State University Kazadi wa Mukuna

Young woman accompanying herself on the wan intara singing the song Nyagitansi

Three women from Lyangombe with typical ritual hairdoes.

Singer of Amahamba.

Hunters With Spears Singing Songs Of The Hunt.

Men with painted faces during Umuhara.

Hunters with bow and arrow.

Handtechnique for Ubuhuha.

Music ▼ +

Rwanda I - Musique Instrumentale - P.1977

Rwanda I - Musique Instrumentale - Instrumentale Muziek
Recordings and documentation by Jos Gansemans
Alpha - 5023 - P.1977



Side A

A1a Cordophones - Inanga - Ibilunga 5'26
A1b Cordophones - Inanga - Impunga 4'49
A1c Cordophones - Iningiti - Urwagwa 3'36
A1d Cordophones - Umuduli -Segitonganya 2'25
A2 Idiophones - Ikembe - Ye baba 5'00


Side B


B1a Aërophones - umwirongi 3'00
B1b Aërophones - insengo 3'15
B1c Aërophones - amakondera 2'32
B1d Aërophones - ihembe 1'58
B2a Membranophones - ingoma (Rubungo) rythme iguhubu 3'04
B2b Membranophones - ingoma (Rubavu) rythmes imilindi, ikilushya, agasiga 6'52
B2c Membranophones - ingoma (Mibilizi) rythme ikimanuka 3'06


There is so little music available from Ruanda that I feel it is my duty to share these with you! I think this series is, if not a very well kept secret, so at least a very precious and rather hidden gem. The recordings that are very well documented (in both French and Flemish) were made in the seventies and are of very good quality both for musical and audio quality. I am going to post the other two volumes the following days and they make very good listening. Personally I think they make more sense if you listen to them in random order but with the accompanying notes nearby in case you get curious and wonder what is going on. I am very happy to share this with you and if you have any more information about the Tervuren catalogue other than in my previous discographic note I hope you will share it with me. Oh, and don't worry, I won't forget about the South East Asia series, there are many more coming soon...

J. Sebatunzi playing the Inanga Zither.

Ikembe Lamellophon

Audience In Rwandan Hills

Amakondera Horn Orchestra

Umuduli Musicbow

Straight Shepherd Flute

Ingoma Drummers

Iningidi Fiddler

Insengo Ensemble From Nkumba

Music ▼ +

Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika - Tervuren

Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika
Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale
1971 Tervuren



Réf. 680301? - Swazimuziek - Recordings by D. Rycroft - No 1 - P.1968
Réf. 680301? - Luba-Shankadi vocale muziek - Rec. Jos Gansemans - No 2 - P.1969
Réf. 680301? - Zulu, Swazi en Xhosa instrumentale en vocale muziek - No 3 - P.1969
Réf. 680301? - De Teda uit Tibesti - instrumentale muziek - No 4 - P.1971
Réf. 6803015 Ankole West Uganda - No 6 - P.1971
Réf. 6803017 Kongo Music - Music of the Mpangu - No 5 - P.1977
Réf. 6803031 Music of the Bafia - Cameroun - No 7 - P.1977
Réf. 6803038 Yaka Music - Zaïre - No 8 - P.1977
Réf. 6803044 Humbi & Handa - Angola - No 9 - P.1977
Réf. 6803054 Musique de Luanda in Zaïre - No 10 - P.1977
Réf. 6803073 Musique de Tchokwe in Zaïre - No 11 - P.1977


Alpha 5023 Rwanda 1 - Musique Instrumentale - P.1977
Alpha 5024 Rwanda 2 - Musique Vocale - P.1977
Alpha 5025 Rwanda 3 - Musique de Danse - P.1977

Thanks for the kind help extended by "whiteink" that now allows us also to know what the first four volumes were. Those I have no copy of, but if someone has them and could supply digital likeness of the audio and photos of the sleeves and labels and accompanying booklets ;-)
I am sure that all Luobaniyans would be overjoyed. I had checked the museum homepages but failed finding the RMCA series. I would be very happy if someone still has more information about any other series like the Alpha Label. But I have not even looked carefully at the Museum homepage yet, so maybe they are right under my nose. I'll let you know. But if you know if there were any publications on LP or cassette either in other own produced series or a continuation on the Alpha label or other label of African field recordings you'll let us know right!

All the volumes listed above (minus the first four!) will be posted here as soon as I find time! Most are almost ready and the vol 1-3 of Rwanda will soon start appearing here. But the volumes 6-11 all include a 50 - 80 pages book with the "liner notes" (actually more like field research reports) in french, flemish german and english and they take considerably longer time to edit. If you can contribute any other recordings from this series and that are not listed here please let me know and I will post them here with your kind help. Or you make them available somewhere we can reach them!